Teen Smoking Killing You Softly - 2315 Words

Teen-Smoking: Killing You Softly Have you ever made bad decisions as a teenager? Consider the following: alcohol, drugs, theft, DUI, and skipping school. The life as a teenager is a constant battle for social esteem, yet in the myopic quest for that ephemeral satisfaction many make decisions based on impulses that trump morality and logic; one of the most detrimental is smoking. The Centers and Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) completed a research of estimating the use of cigarettes among middle and high school students. The results were: 14% of high school students smoke cigarettes (11.7% females, 16.3% males), and 3.5% of middle schools students smoke cigarettes (3.2% females, 3.7% males). The CDC estimated the current use of†¦show more content†¦There will be consequences if that decision has a negative impact among themselves. Teenagers in Indonesia start smoking because they think that it will benefit themselves, but they don’t realize the harm it will cause when all is said and done. In agreement with different sources, Indonesia is the fifth largest tobacco market in the world. There are different companies that are popular among youth and adults, such as Sampoerna, Djarum, and Gudang Garam (2). Sampoerna is owned by Putera Sampoerna, the 11th richest Indonesian, with a total net worth of $2,150,000.00. Phillip Morris International acquitted 97.95% of the company in May of 2005(4). According to the source, the Sampoerna Company announced in 2006 that their net sales were worth $3,220,000,000.00. Gudang Garam leads all cigarette manufacturers as the current most successful in producing kretek (clove) cigarettes. The company was controlled by Rachman Halim, the oldest son of the owner, Surya Wonowidjojo. Halim was ranked the richest man in Indonesia by Forbes at a later date, with a net worth of $2.8 billion in the year 2005. In addition, according to Indonesia Investments, Gudang Garam â€Å"produces a wide range of kretek cigarettes including low-tar, low-nicot ine variants and traditional hand-rolled kretel, which are distributed domestically and worldwide. (5)† Djarum is one of the largest tobacco industry in Indonesia, and owned by the number one richest people in Indonesia

Report on E-Commerce Security Free Essays

TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT 2 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. Features of E-commerce: 4 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on E-Commerce Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Security role in present E-commerce: 4 2. 2. Security Factors in E-commerce: 5 3. Security Technologies: 7 3. 1. Secure Electronic Transaction (SET): 7 3. 2. Secure Socket Layer (SSL): 8 3. 3. Firewall: 8 4. Conclusion: 9 5. References: 11 ABSTRACT In the E-commerce security is most important point because a website is to protect the valuable information. It plays a vital role to provide security to the customer information. It mainly deals when the customer doing the online transactions. By this security support the customer has trusted on the E-commerce website as well as they protects their personal information from the thief’s and hackers. This day security has been implemented in a different way like Secure Sockets Layer, Integrity, Authentication, Encryption and Secure Payment. Integrity ensures of the remainders of data as is of the seller to the customer. Encryption deals with hide the information cannot spy on the others information. This report describes the security technologies in the E-commerce system and issues involving the E-commerce security technologies. . INTRODUCTION E- Commerce is also known as online commerce. E-commerce refers to exchange the goods and services over the internet. It includes retail shopping, banking, stocks and bonds trading, auctions, real estate transactions, air line booking, movie rentals nearly anything you can imagine in the real world. Even personal services such as hair and nail salons can benefit from e-commerce by providing a website for the sale of related health and beauty products, normally available to local customers exclusively. The main aim of this report conveying the security technologies of E-commerce website Security is the authorized conception in E-commerce website the main notion of security is protecting the customer personal details and banking information. Its mostly involve with four basic principles such as Privacy, Integrity, Authentication, Non-repudiation. The E-commerce website should be built on the security technology and it should be very secure. Secure Sockets layer provides support for protect pages and encrypts the whole thing a user sends-nobody else can read the data . Strong encryption and authentication certificate makes web site more secure and invites more customers. ( Lee, 2001) 2. Features of E-commerce: Ubiquity: Is the ability to be present in every place at any time, unbounded or universal presence. With help of internet it makes easier and possible for consumer and companies to be in contact with each another. The wish of customers to buy goods and services online can make so much constantly and practically any place. It reduces the cost of transaction, the cost to take part in the market and lower the mental effort required to achieve a transaction. Richness: Website richness mainly depends upon the interactivity and interaction it give the useful information on the website about each product and services for searching. It also gives more details about services what they are offering. It will make a contact between the seller and customer. Condition notices are strongly advised by the seller to understand before buying a product. Maintain vast information about products and services makes more sales and creating money making environment. (David, 2000) Global Reach: The main concept of the global reach is grabbing the attention of user’s through out the world by providing the different language in the website so that the site can be used in worldwide and it access by every one. Provide online customer services, secure the transaction processing. Site should be very interactive to the customers and giving a good quality information about products and information is understandable. Provide fast and efficient services lead to competitive global advantage. 2. 1. Security role in present E-commerce: Security plays a vital role in the present E-commerce it helps to keep secure the                               customers information and doing the secured online transactions. Every E-commerce    website giving server side security and complex on Data confidentiality, Data integrity, Availability, Nonrepudation and third party systems as supplies for facilitating E- Business transactions. Security is very helpful to the E-business. With out security customers never do the online transactions because of hackers. 2. . Security Factors in E-commerce: One of the significant success factors of E-commerce is its security, it kept secure the credit card details and extremely sensitive personal information of the customers. E-commerce security depends on a complex interrelationship between different components including the application development platforms, database management systems, and system software and network infrastructure. Privacy: Privacy makes that only ce rtified left edge reach information in any system. Information should not be distributed to the left and that should not be received it. The service off flexibility off integrity only to the approved people edge make exchanges with documents transmitted over the network Authentication: Authentication ensures that the origin off year electronic message is properly identified. Given It has possibilities to who feels the message from where gold which machine. Without appropriate authentication, it very hardware to know which passed year order and the order placed is true gold not. (David, 2000) Non-repudiation: it’s much closed to the authentication, in this sender boat refuses the sending particular messages and receiver boat rejects the receiving messages. Not-repudiation involves the technical like digital signature, conformation services and time stamps. Digital Signature has distinctive to identify for individual like written signature. Advantages of Security in E-commerce: The internet gives the much benefits to the customer through that the customer can has a chance to browse and do shopping there suitability and their place. They can access the service from office and home as they like it is available 24/7. †¢ Protect the privacy and reliability of network transactions. †¢ Encrypted and secure payment online. †¢ Increase the volume of purchases, improve the relationship with customers. †¢ With the help of e-commerce can promote products globally. †¢ Identify the users and merchants on the network. †¢ Look after E-commerce website and enterprise networks from attacks by hackers. †¢ Protect the personal information of E-commerce users. 3. Security Technologies: Security is the most important issue for E-commerce it gives security to the website, these security services are provided to ensure basic E-commerce requirements. Security services provide a way for safe, authentic, and reliable communications between two or more parties. Security not only includes that the information stays within the communicating parties but also it can be verified and noted as authentic. Signing of contracts, registration of mail, disclosures, anonymity, and authorization schemes of the real world must be able to be replicated and done in the electronic world. . 1. Secure Electronic Transaction (SET): Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a system for ensuring the security of financial transactions on the Internet. It was supported initially by MasterCard, Visa, Microsoft, Netscape, and others. It is one of the international security standards in E-commerce. SET is a protocol proposed by a number of groups and different companies. It’s mainly focus on gi ving guarantee security for electronic payment. SET including some key technologies such as shared key, public key, digital signature, electronic envelop and electronic certificate. After this there is a problem with operating systems and application systems, on these basis hackers improved their attack skills on customer information. Key Security Elements: E-commerce using different key security elements such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), E-mail, Electronic fund Transfer and other internet technologies lead to exchange the information of business with individuals, companies and countries. It makes transactions safe and more reliable. Encryption and Data Integrity is one of the key technologies in E-commerce, Encryption is the major security measure adopted in E-commerce. It can make sure confidentiality of information in the transaction process like PIN of credit card 3. 2. Secure Socket Layer (SSL): The SSL protocol was originally developed by Netscape, to ensure security of data transported and routed through HTTP, LDAP or POP3 application layers. SSL is designed to make use of TCP as a communication layer to provide a reliable end-to-end secure and authenticated connection between two points over a network (for example between the service client and the server). Notwithstanding this SSL can be used for protection of data in transit in situations related to any network service, it is used mostly in HTTP server and client applications. 3. 3. Firewall: A firewall is a barrier to keep destructive forces away from your property. In fact, that’s why it’s called a firewall. Its job is similar to a physical firewall that keeps a fire from spreading from one area to the next. Firewalls are essential elements in e-commerce security strategy it is used to protect the e-commerce applications and website. Firewalls needed clearly defined security policies must be correctly installed and maintained to afford consistent and efficient security protection. It’s mainly addresses the problems such as Denial of service and Distributed denial of service. Firewalls working as a hardware and software, it prevents unauthorized persons access the private networks connected to the internet. 4. Conclusion: Finally conclude that the security is very significant when designing year E-trade website. E-trade has increasingly become the mode off conducting business. The purpose off this resulting paper is to stimulate discussion one the question concerning the security system off E-trade; things increased in the paper are not regarded ace conclusive. It hopes that suitable information will be identified for discussion 5. References: Chan, H. , Lee, R. , Dillon, T. , ;Chang, E. (2001). E-commerce: Fundamental Application. John Wiley; son, West Sussex, England. David, W. (2000). E-commerce: Strategy, Technologies and Applications. McGraw Hill, University Press, Cambridge. Elias, M. A. (2000). Electronic Commerce: From Vision to Fulfillment (3rd Ed. . Pearson Edition. Security Elements. (2005). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from http://wiki. media-culture. org. au/index. php/E-commerce_-_Overview_-_Security Advantages of Security. (2007). Retrieved April 26, 2008, from http://www. isos. com. my/ecommerce/advantages. htm Secure Socket Layer. (2006). Retrieved April 27, 2009, from   http://unpan1. un. org/intradoc/groups/public/documents. apcity/unpan0 00364. pdf Secure Electronic Transaction. (1999). Retrieved April 28, 2009, from   http://www. aph. gov. au/library/pubs/rp/1998-99/99rp12. htm#CRY How to cite Report on E-Commerce Security, Papers

Transaction Processing System

Question: What options are available for GOLFSMITH in terms of software and applications? If the CEO likes the idea of purchasing software, what are your next steps? What is a logical design? What is a physical design? Describe the steps typically performed in systems design. Answer: Introduction Transaction processing system is a style of processing data which divides the work into individuals and inseparable operations named as transactions. Golfing Tools are manufactured and then retailed by Golfsmith organization. Apart from the Retail outlets, this organization has a good hold on the Web in entire U.S.Organization is now required to install transaction processing system and an order entry framework. Transaction Processing System Transaction processing system (TPS) is a software framework or a combination of software or hardware that supports easy or simple transaction processing of data (Brown, 2000). Proposal of recommendation Plan of Action As an IT manager, I suggest that CEO of GOLFSMITH should take consideration of different TSP software and Cloud Models available in the market for the better transaction of data and check appropriate new order entry cloud systems available in the market. Features and applications of available software should be checked properly (Guo, Papaioannou, Aberer, 2014). Options of TPS Software Tuxedo is the middleware model utilized to manage the distributed data transaction processing within distributed computing situations. Tuxedo is a data transaction processing framework, a transaction-familiarized middleware and it is an industry based application server available for numerous systems and for different programming languages. On the other hand, cloud model is also suitable for TPS and new entry system because implementing cloud computing is the best business approach for Golfsmith (Linthicum, 2016). The most significant distributed computing model in cloud computing is Hadoop, which is an open source cloud model developed by the organization Yahoo for the large scale transaction processing. Selection of Cloud or Tuxedo As an IT Manager, I recommend the CEO of GOLFSMITH that he should go with the Tuxedo Transaction Processing System or use it as a new entry system as there are a lot of benefits associated with it. Oracles Tuxedo empowers appropriated applications to the scale which responds to the change the transaction loads by dynamically spawning as well as terminating servers and by dynamically deactivating and activating objects to meet the employment needs. Oracle Tuxedo adjusts the workload among every accessible service and objects to guarantee that they should be equally utilized (Song, Li, Zhou, Li, 2013). Steps for buying Tuxedo Oracle Tuxedo offers a middleware framework for building a scalable multiplier client or server applications within heterogeneous and distributed situations that broaden the Web applications for the Enterprises. By utilizing Oracles Tuxedo, clients can develop, arrange and convey the distributed applications severally on the underlying hardware, software, operating system, as well as database environment (Su, 2015). Physical design Physical Design for Oracles TSP demonstrates: Person or Machine Boundaries Architecture of Network Technology Assignment Distribution of Process Data Distribution Logical design Logical design is made by separating procedures such as: Time Client and Server Place Distributed vs. Centralized Batch vs. Online Automated vs. Manual System design Implement the transactions utilizing two-phase submit a protocol. In the initial phase,the coordinator requests for every LTMs as well as to take care that the operation or function essential for this has been executed correctly. If each LTMs vote positively, then they execute the second phase in which Tuxedo actually submits the transaction. Otherwise, the data transaction is prematurely ended. Then they allot data products to LTMs utilizing steady hashing. To accomplish an adjusted task, initially, cluster the data into virtual hubs and then allot such virtual hubs to LTMs. Different virtual hubs can be allocated to the similar LTM.To overcome the LTM disappointments, virtual hubs along with transaction states are replicated into many LTMs. After the LTM server disappointment, the recent updates or overhauls can then be recuperated and the influenced data transactions can proceed with the implementation phase by fulfilling ACID properties. At last detailed configuration or designin g of TPS is done to ensure the Atomicity, Isolation, Durability and Consistency properties of data transactions (Vinje, Marsland, Grtner, 2012). Cloud model for data processing Software as a Service is the model which is a delivery and software licensing framework in which the software is authorized on a membership premise and it is a centrally hosted cloud model.SaaS cloud model includes numerous services as well as applications such as reliable and secure transaction of data. GOLFSMITHs success depends on upon the reliable handling or processing of data transactions to guarantee that the orders of the clients are delivered well in time. The SaaS is a cloud model which helps the organization to enter reliable data in the new systems (Linthicum, 2016). Conclusion In this study it has been concluded, that to accomplish performance, consistency and reliability, data is promptly accessible within data warehouses, reinforcement processes must be placed as well as the recovery procedures must be established to deal with Human failure, Systems failure, viruses in computers, software applications and with natural disasters. It has also been concluded that by utilizing Oracle Tuxedo, clients can develop, organize and convey distributed applications autonomously. References Brown, R. (2000). Visualising the performance of a large transaction processing computer system. Computing Control Engineering Journal, 11(6), 263-272. Guo, T., Papaioannou, T., Aberer, K. (2014). Efficient Indexing and Query Processing of Model-View Sensor Data in the Cloud. Big Data Research, 1, 52-65. Linthicum, D. (2016). Software-Defined Networks Meet Cloud Computing. IEEE Cloud Comput., 3(3), 8-10. Song, M., Li, Z., Zhou, B., Li, C. (2013). Cloud Computing Model for Big Geological Data Processing. AMM, 475-476, 306-311. Su, H. (2015). The Processing Technology in Mobile Database Transaction System. IJDTA, 8(2), 51-60. Vinje, T., Marsland, V., Grtner, A. (2012). Software Licensing After Oracle v. UsedSoft. Computer Law Review International, 13(4).

The Long March, Undertaken By The Red Army Of China, Is A Tale Of Extr

The Long March, undertaken by the Red Army of China, is a tale of extraordinary adventure against impossible odds. Yet, it was completely unnecessary. The Fifth Extermination Campaign was a failure. Also, there were at least two ways for them to establish themselves in Shanghai without marching all the way to Yenan. Even though the Long March helped the Communist Revolution, they did not have to undertake a mission which would kill so many of their people. It is true that if the Long March had not taken place, China might not be a Communist nation, and a capitalist society would be a good thing for China. This march, no matter how wonderful it seems, was a huge mistake in history. The Fifth Extermination Campaign was launched in October 1933. The Nationalists had many more men and arms than the other four campaigns, which explains why all the other campaigns failed. This campaign had a strategy of caution and patience as they marched on Kiangsi and met the Red Army. While diversionary troops sacrificed themselves in delaying actions elsewhere on the front, the main body of Communist forces broke through a comparatively weak point in the Nationalists encirclement and escaped toward southwestern Kiangsi. Around five oclock in the evening, Mao and about twenty others left Yutu by the North Gate, and then turned to the left towards the river, which was all yellow, roaring and foaming, as though calling on the enemies to advance. Soon the sun set, and the gusts bitter cold wind chilled us. The Chairman wore a gray cloth uniform and an eight-cornered military cap, with no overcoat. He walked with enormous strides around the river bank. When we were some miles beyond Yutu, we saw flashing lights and heard strange sounds coming from the distance. Chuang Fu-wu, the male nurse, was puzzled, and asked what was happening. Theyre our troops, the Chairman said. I was puzzled, for I remembered I had not seen a single soldier on the road from Yutu, and how could so many soldiers have appeared from nowhere? We found a bridge made of barges spanning the river, and the Red Army was crossing over, waving myriads of torches so that they resembled fire dragons. Their laughter mingled with songs and shouts, echoing backward and forward along the line. How is it there are so many? I asked the Chairman. Oh, thats not many, he replied. There are far, far more ahead of us. So we walked over to the floating bridge, crowded with Calvary and foot soldiers, porters and peasants who had come to say good-bye. The Chairman would step aside to let them pass. At midnight some peasants shouted,They are going to capture Kupo and Hsingtien soon! and when daylight came the news was confirmed. We were very pleased, because both t these towns had salt wells, and salt was lacking where we had come from. We had won the first victories of the Long March.12 No one knew where they were going. They set out in 1934, but they did not know that they would be in Yenan (which was 6,000 miles away) by the end of 1935. If you mean, did we have any exact plans, the answer is that we had none. We intended to break out of the encirclement and join up with the other soviets. Beyond that, there was only a very deliberate desire to put ourselves in a position where we could fight the Japanese. Mao said.3 The Zunyi Conference was held in January 1935. Policies of twenty-eight Bolsheviks were repudiated, and Mao Tse-tung was installed as effective leader of the Party. Mao was not so powerless before the Conference, nor did he become so powerful after it.4 When the Communists reached the Wu River in Kweichow they found themselves surrounded by Nationalists. They had already crossed the river, but the enemy waited on both banks, waiting to spring forth. At that time, the Communists had a firm belief in the power of one man to win a battle. They sent one soldier out at night after they had silenced the guns with mortars. The swimmer acquired a boat hidden against the shore and brought it back. The boat was sent

How and with what success did Russia industrialise in the la essays

How and with what success did Russia industrialise in the la essays During the late nineteenth century the Russian government undertook a policy of rapid industrialisation which, due to a combination of factors, drove the desire to industrialise Russia for the principle aim of keeping the facade of her militaristic strength and power status. It was evident to Alexander III that Russias defeat in the Crimean War highlighted its backwardness compared to other great European nations such as France and Britain, and revealed a need to modernise and industrialise. It forced the government to recognise the vital relationship between industrial strength and military power. This became further apparent after the use of railways and modern weaponry in the German Unification wars during the late nineteenth century; and diplomatic defeat in the Congress of Berlin in 1878 by other European powers. In addition, Russia had not undergone an industrial revolution which would transform its military capacity not simply through increased productivity but through the gather pace of technological development spawned by the industrial revolution whereas its rivals, namely Germany and Britain, already had. In economic terms the government saw a number of ways in which industrialisation was necessary. They found a need to develop their own resources instead of relying on foreign imports, saw how agricultural depression illustrated the need for alternative sources of income, and railways were seen to be a high priority as they were vital to organise resources. Overall the government saw that an economic advance would lead to increased wealth, and thus greater potential government revenue. The need for industrialisation was clearly vital for the Russian government; however it did face certain practical difficulties and problems which hindered the acceleration of industrial development. There was an inefficient domestic agricultural system which, coupled with the depression in agri...

How changes and developments in communication and information Thesis Proposal

How changes and developments in communication and information technology may influence the coordination of firms worldwide operations - Thesis Proposal Example This essay stresses that the research methodology utilised to analyse the research data and describes the various methods used in this study. This research paper basically consists of two data sets – primary and secondary. Primary data set consists of a survey and a questionnaire administered to 40 odd ICT executives and managers at firms with overseas operations. While responses to the survey would be recorded with much more accuracy and detail, responses to the questionnaire would be sifted and collated to identify significant trends and process orientations in company decisions to adopt ICT in the changing overseas markets. Secondary data is being collected through an extensive research effort conducted both online and in libraries. The researcher extensively used the books written on the topic and also studied research journals, reports, graphs, articles, newspaper articles and so on. This report makes a conclusion that the interaction is what differentiates the direct methodology from indirect methodology. Structured interviews enable the interviewer to ask each respondent the same questions in the same way. A tightly controlled structured schedule of questions and format is used, very much like a questionnaire. The questions contained in the questionnaire were planned in advance. The interviewer has some discretion how these might be elaborated/explained but the aim is to standardize data as far as possible and to eliminate biases due to different wordings.

Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Outsourcing - Essay Example The society relies on a moral responsibility to follow a system of values and promote human development. Repercussions of outsourcing are evident in America, and they are clearly unethical since American citizens are usually educated in America for the purpose of employment in the same region (Hira & Hira, 2008). Once a company outsources, these Americans face displacement from their jobs (Charara, 2012). Conversely, Asia will benefit since outsourcing leads to increased employment and training in its region. Outsourcing has also contributed to other immoral practices such as discrimination, sexual harassment, as well as wrongful termination of employees in US, Canada or Europe. Asian companies have realized the need to address such factors through devising appropriate insurance policies meant to cover factors such as data security, property, workers compensation, extortion, kidnapping as well as nationalization and all other forms of possible risks. Presently, outsourcing has become common in America and it is a legal business activity. This is because firms need the freedom to conduct trade internationally besides being able to boost growth within America’s economy. Legal procedures that an outsourcing company follows demands signing of a contract that will cover an array of areas such as the risk of poor performance by the contactor, unforeseen charges, property damages or data loss. The client will also want clearly outlined procedure on how the business will run as well as the day-to-day management. Modes of handling termination or breach of contract are also necessary in the contract. Positive business implications that are due to outsourcing involve acquiring competitive advantage in the market (Hira& Hira, 2008). This is achievable through costs’ reduction, improved quality, and exposure to advanced technology, availability of labor as well as the ability to combat